Certified e-Discovery Specialist Canada Practice Test

CEDS exam Format | Course Contents | Course Outline | exam Syllabus | exam Objectives

Exam Code: CEDS
Exam Name: Certified e-Discovery Specialist (CEDS) Canada
Format: The CEDS Canada exam consists of 145 multiple-choice questions, each with four answer options. The questions are scenario-based, reflecting real-world e-discovery challenges.
Duration: Candidates are allotted 4 hours to complete the exam.
Passing Score: The passing score is 69.6% (approximately 101 correct answers out of 145).
Availability: The exam is available year-round at dozens of ACEDS-Kryterion Testing Centers across Canada.

The Certified E-Discovery Specialist (CEDS) Canada certification, offered by the Association of Certified E-Discovery certified (ACEDS), is designed to validate the skills and knowledge of legal professionals in the e-discovery process, tailored specifically to Canadian legal practices and regulations. The CEDS Canada exam covers a comprehensive range of Topics across the Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM) and related disciplines. Below is a detailed breakdown of the key Topics and associated terminologies, based on available information and the structure of the CEDS program.

Key Topics and Terminologies for the CEDS Canada Exam
The CEDS Canada exam probes 15 e-discovery fields, selected by a global taskforce and validated through an ACEDS-sponsored worldwide survey. The exam consists of 145 multiple-choice, scenario-based questions, covering the entire e-discovery lifecycle, Canadian legal frameworks, and practical applications. Below are the primary Topics and their associated terminologies:

1. Information Governance
- Information Governance (IG): A framework for managing information assets to support organizational objectives while ensuring compliance.
- Data Retention Policy: Rules defining how long data must be kept and when it should be deleted.
- Data Map: A catalog of data sources, locations, and types within an organization.
- Records Management: Systematic control of the creation, maintenance, and disposal of records.
- Data Privacy: Compliance with laws like the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) in Canada.
- Spoliation: The intentional or negligent destruction or alteration of evidence, which can lead to legal sanctions.

2. Litigation Readiness and Project Planning
- Litigation Hold: A process to preserve relevant ESI when litigation is anticipated.
- Legal Hold Notification: Communication to custodians to preserve relevant data.
- E-Discovery Project Plan: A structured approach to managing e-discovery tasks, timelines, and resources.
- Custodian: An individual who has control over potentially relevant ESI.
- Preservation Obligation: The legal duty to preserve evidence once litigation is reasonably anticipated.

3. Identification and Preservation of ESI
- Electronically Stored Information (ESI): Digital data that may be relevant in litigation (e.g., emails, documents, databases).
- Data Sources: Locations where ESI resides, such as cloud storage, email servers, or mobile devices.
- Chain of Custody: Documentation ensuring the integrity of ESI from collection to production.
- Data Preservation: Steps to ensure ESI is not altered or deleted during litigation.
- Metadata: Data about data, such as creation dates, authors, or file locations, critical for e-discovery.

4. Collection of ESI
- Forensic Collection: Collecting ESI in a way that preserves its integrity and authenticity.
- Data Extraction: Retrieving data from systems or devices for e-discovery purposes.
- Custodian Interview: Discussions with data custodians to identify relevant ESI sources.
- Remote Collection: Gathering ESI from devices or systems without physical access.
- Write Blocker: A tool to prevent alteration of data during collection.

5. Processing and Data Reduction
- Deduplication: Removing duplicate copies of documents to reduce review volume.
- Data Filtering: Applying criteria (e.g., date ranges, keywords) to reduce irrelevant ESI.
- Native Format: The original file format of ESI (e.g., .docx, .pdf).
- Text Extraction: Converting ESI into searchable text for analysis.
- Near-Duplicate Detection: Identifying documents with minor differences to streamline review.

6. Review and Analysis
- Technology-Assisted Review (TAR): Using machine learning or AI to prioritize or categorize documents for review.
- Predictive Coding: A form of TAR where algorithms rank documents based on relevance.
- Privilege Log: A list of documents withheld from production due to privilege (e.g., solicitor-client privilege).
- Redaction: Removing sensitive or privileged information from documents before production.
- Relevance: Determining whether ESI is pertinent to the case based on discovery requests.

7. Production and Presentation
- Production Format: The format in which ESI is delivered (e.g., PDF, TIFF, native).
- Load File: A file containing metadata and links to produced documents for use in e-discovery platforms.
- Bates Numbering: A system for uniquely identifying documents in discovery.
- Clawback Agreement: An agreement allowing parties to retrieve inadvertently produced privileged documents.
- Admissibility: Ensuring ESI meets legal standards for use in court.

8. International Discovery and Cross-Border Issues
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): EU regulation impacting cross-border discovery involving personal data.
- PIPEDA: Canada’s federal privacy law governing the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information.
- Blocking Statutes: Laws in some jurisdictions that restrict the transfer of data for discovery.
- Data Sovereignty: The concept that data is subject to the laws of the country where it resides.
- Hague Convention: An international treaty facilitating cross-border evidence collection.

9. Ethics in E-Discovery
- Technical Competence: The ethical duty to understand e-discovery technologies and processes.
- Solicitor-Client Privilege: Protection of communications between lawyers and clients in Canada.
- Duty of Candor: The obligation to be honest with the court regarding discovery processes.
- Proportionality: Balancing the cost and burden of e-discovery with the needs of the case.
- Sanctions: Penalties for failing to meet e-discovery obligations, such as spoliation.

10. Canadian Legal Framework
- Sedona Canada Principles: Guidelines for managing e-discovery in Canada, emphasizing proportionality and cooperation.
- Rules of Civil Procedure: Provincial rules (e.g., Ontario’s Rules of Civil Procedure) governing discovery processes.
- Case Law: Key Canadian cases, such as Leduc v. Roman (2009), shaping e-discovery practices.
- Proportionality Principle: A Canadian legal standard ensuring discovery is reasonable relative to the case’s scope.
- Discovery Plan: A court-approved plan outlining the scope and process of e-discovery.

11. Technology and Tools
- E-Discovery Platforms: Tools like Relativity, Everlaw, or Reveal for managing ESI.
- Cloud-Based Discovery: Using cloud platforms for storing and reviewing ESI.
- Search Terms: Keywords or Boolean queries used to identify relevant ESI.
- Analytics: Tools for visualizing data patterns or relationships in ESI.
- Encryption: Securing ESI during transfer or storage to protect confidentiality.

12. Cost and Risk Management
- Cost Shifting: Requesting the opposing party to bear certain e-discovery costs.
- Budgeting: Estimating and managing e-discovery expenses.
- Risk Assessment: Evaluating potential legal or technical risks in e-discovery.
- Defensibility: Ensuring e-discovery processes can withstand legal scrutiny.
- Quality Control: Measures to ensure accuracy and completeness in e-discovery tasks.

13. Data Privacy and Cybersecurity
- Data Breach: Unauthorized access or disclosure of ESI.
- Encryption Standards: Protocols like AES-256 for securing ESI.
- Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA): Evaluating how e-discovery affects data privacy.
- Cybersecurity Protocols: Measures to protect ESI from unauthorized access.
- Anonymization: Removing personally identifiable information from ESI.

14. Case Management and Collaboration
- E-Discovery Team: Multidisciplinary team including lawyers, IT, and litigation support professionals.
- Vendor Management: Overseeing third-party e-discovery service providers.
- Collaboration Tools: Platforms like Microsoft Teams or Slack for team coordination.
- Project Management: Applying methodologies like PMI to e-discovery projects.
- Stakeholder Communication: Engaging clients, courts, and opposing counsel in e-discovery.

15. Emerging Trends and Technologies
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Using AI for tasks like predictive coding or document clustering.
- Machine Learning: Algorithms that Strengthen e-discovery efficiency through pattern recognition.
- Continuous Active Learning (CAL): A TAR method that continuously refines document prioritization.
- Cloud Computing: Storing and processing ESI in cloud environments.
- Blockchain: Emerging technology for ensuring data integrity in e-discovery.

Syllabus
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1. Information Management and Litigation Readiness
- Records and Information Management Policies and Practices
- Disaster Recovery Storage Media
- Elements of a Litigation Hold Protocol
- Tracking and Releasing Litigation Holds
- Managing the Litigation Hold

2. Project Planning
- Building the E-Discovery Team
- Challenges of Third-Party Hosted and Stored Electronically Stored Information

3. Litigation Hold Implementation
- Determining the Sources of Electronically Stored Information
- Elements of a Legal Hold Implementation Plan
- Effecting the Litigation Hold on Electronically Stored Information Storage Locations
- Elements of a Legal Hold Notice
- Implementing the Legal Hold Notice

4. Collection Planning and Implementation
- Managing Electronically Stored Information Collection from Servers and Clients
- Understanding Electronically Stored Information Collections Resources and Methods
- Validating Collection of Electronically Stored Information
- Not Reasonably Accessible Electronically Stored Information
- Determining if Electronically Stored Information Is Reasonably Stored

5. Data Processing
- Understanding How to Validate Your Process Data
- Evaluating Data Processing Tools and Resources

6. Data Culling
- Understanding Deduplication and Its Application
- Understanding How Culling Eliminates Irrelevant Electronically Stored Information

7. Review Planning
- Creating and Understanding Electronically Stored Information Review Sets
- Using Search Methods to Create Recovery Sets
- How to Validate the Review Set Protocols
- Understanding Near-Duplication 7.5 Elements of a Privilege Review
- How to Build a Privilege Log
- Using Analytic Methods to Implement a Review Strategy
- Designing and Managing Document Review
- How to Use Coding in the Review Process
- Structuring and Allocating Review Resources
- Choosing the Review Team

8. Document Review
- Understanding the Document Review Process
- Managing the Document Review Team
- Training Document Reviewers
- Validating the Document Review
- The Coding Frame for a Document Review Project

9. Data Production
- Understanding Data Production Formats and Delivery
- Metadata and Its Significance for the Production of Electronically Stored Information

10. Project Management
- Designing, Implementing, and Documenting the E-Discovery Project
- Legal Framework and Obligation
- Legal Holds and Data Preservation
- Legal Consequences of Preservation Failures
- Preservation Disclosures Under the US Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
- Preparing With Your Client for the E-Discovery Meet and Confer Conference
- Electronically Stored Information Topics of the Meet and Confer Conference
- Costs and E-Discovery: Understanding Who Pays For What
- Litigation Counsel’s E-Discovery Duties and Responsibilities
- Responding to the Subpoena for Electronically Stored Information
- Understanding the Risks of Data Deletion in Automated Information Systems
- Producing Data in Reasonably Useable Formats
- Negotiating the Data Production Format
- The Protocol for a Forensic Inspections
- Protections Against and Remedies for Inadvertent Production
- The Electronically Stored Information Deposition of an IT Representative

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Killexams.com exam Questions and Answers
Question: 729
During a regulatory audit, a Canadian bank must produce ESI from a legacy IBM Notes database containing 5 million emails. The regulator requests metadata fields like Sender, Recipient, and SentDate. The bank uses an e-discovery tool to process the data. Which configurations ensure metadata preservation?
1. Configure the tool to extract metadata using Lotus Notes API with parameters for Sender, Recipient, and SentDate
2. Export emails to PST format without metadata to reduce file size
3. Generate MD5 hashes for each exported file and log them in the chain of custody
4. Manually copy emails to a shared drive to preserve metadata
Answer: A,C
Explanation: Configuring the e-discovery tool to use the Lotus Notes API with specific parameters ensures metadata like Sender, Recipient, and SentDate is preserved. Generating MD5 hashes and logging them maintains data integrity and chain of custody. Exporting to PST without metadata risks losing critical information. Manual copying to a shared drive is not forensically sound and risks metadata alteration.
Question: 730
A Vancouver-based law firm is preparing a legal hold implementation plan for a client facing a regulatory investigation involving complex data sets. The client uses a hybrid IT environment with on- premises servers and cloud-based SaaS applications. Which elements must be included in the legal hold implementation plan to ensure compliance?
1. A process for suspending routine data deletion policies
2. A timeline for completing discovery without stakeholder input
3. Identification of key custodians and their data sources
4. Procedures for documenting the legal hold process
Answer: A, C, D
Explanation: A legal hold implementation plan must include suspending routine data deletion policies to prevent spoliation of relevant ESI. Identifying key custodians and their data sources ensures all relevant data is preserved. Documenting the legal hold process is essential for defensibility, demonstrating compliance with preservation obligations. A timeline without stakeholder input is impractical, as custodians and IT personnel provide critical insights into data locations and retention practices, making this option incorrect.
Question: 731
In a remote collection scenario for a Montreal-based class action lawsuit, you need to collect ESI from a custodian�s home desktop without physical access. The system runs Windows 11 with BitLocker encryption. Which tools or methods ensure a forensically sound remote collection?
1. Deploy EnCase Endpoint Investigator with remote imaging capabilities over a secure VPN
2. Instruct the custodian to disable BitLocker and copy files to a shared cloud drive
3. Use a remote desktop protocol (RDP) to access the system and run a collection script
4. Verify the collection with SHA-1 and SHA-256 hash values post-transfer
Answer: A,D
Explanation: EnCase Endpoint Investigator supports forensically sound remote imaging over a secure VPN, preserving data integrity and metadata. Verifying the collection with SHA-1 and SHA-256 hashes ensures the data�s authenticity and admissibility. Instructing the custodian to disable BitLocker and copy files risks altering data and metadata, violating forensic principles. Using RDP to run a collection script may not ensure forensic integrity, as it could inadvertently modify system artifacts or fail to capture unallocated space.
Question: 732
A multinational corporation is involved in a complex litigation case in Canada, requiring a document review of 2 million electronically stored documents, including emails, cloud-based collaboration data, and legacy system files. The legal team must ensure the review process is defensible and efficient. Which of the following steps are critical to establishing a robust document review process?
1. Conducting a quality control check on a statistically significant demo of reviewed documents
2. Implementing a single-pass review without iterative feedback to expedite the process
3. Using predictive coding to prioritize documents for review
4. Utilizing a manual review process exclusively to ensure accuracy
Answer: A,C
Explanation: A robust document review process in a complex litigation case requires both efficiency and defensibility. Conducting quality control checks on a statistically significant demo ensures the accuracy and consistency of the review, making the process defensible in court. Predictive coding, a form of technology-assisted review (TAR), prioritizes relevant documents, improving efficiency while maintaining accuracy, especially for large datasets. A single-pass review without iterative feedback risks missing critical documents and is not defensible for such a large volume, as it lacks validation. Similarly, relying solely on manual review is inefficient and impractical for 2 million documents, as it increases costs and time without leveraging available technology.
Question: 733
In an Edmonton-based fraud investigation, your team uses CAL with a random forest model (n_estimators=50, max_features=sqrt). The model�s precision is 85%, but recall is 60%, missing key documents. Which actions should you take to Strengthen recall?
1. Increase n_estimators to 100 to enhance model robustness
2. Incorporate reviewer feedback from 8 additional iterations
3. Switch to a logistic regression model for simpler boundaries
4. Use SMOTE to oversample relevant documents
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation: Increasing n_estimators to 100 improves the random forest�s robustness, boosting recall. Adding feedback from 8 iterations enhances CAL training data, improving recall. SMOTE oversamples relevant documents, addressing class imbalance and increasing recall. Switching to logistic regression simplifies the model but may not capture complex patterns effectively.
Question: 734
A Canadian law firm is preserving ESI from a client�s Dropbox account with 1 TB of data, including shared folders and version histories. The litigation hold requires preserving metadata like VersionID and SharedWith. Which steps ensure compliance?
1. Use Dropbox�s Admin Console to export files with metadata in CSV format
2. Instruct users to obtain files manually to preserve version histories
3. Implement a litigation hold via Dropbox�s API to freeze account activity
4. Log all export actions, including API calls and hash values, in the chain of custody
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation: Using Dropbox�s Admin Console to export files with metadata in CSV format preserves VersionID and SharedWith fields. Implementing a litigation hold via Dropbox�s API prevents data alteration, ensuring compliance. Logging export actions, including API calls and hash values, maintains a defensible chain of custody. Manual downloads by users risk metadata loss and are not forensically sound.
Question: 735
A Canadian corporation issues a legal hold notice to custodians in a trade secrets dispute. One custodian uses a personal email account for work-related communications, which is subject to a 60-day auto- deletion policy. Which actions ensure proper legal hold notification and preservation?
1. Direct the custodian to forward all relevant emails to a company email account
2. Instruct the custodian to disable the auto-deletion policy for their personal email
3. Provide a template for documenting acknowledgment of the legal hold notice
4. Require the custodian to print all relevant emails for physical storage
Answer: B,C
Explanation: The legal hold notice must ensure preservation of ESI in the custodian�s personal email account. Instructing the custodian to disable the auto-deletion policy prevents loss of relevant emails. Providing a template for documenting acknowledgment ensures the custodian confirms receipt and understanding of the notice, enhancing defensibility. Forwarding emails to a company account risks altering metadata and is not a standard preservation method. Printing emails is impractical and does not preserve electronic metadata, failing to meet e-discovery standards.
Question: 736
A Canadian law firm is preparing for a U.S.-based case and must comply with preservation obligations under the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Which rules apply?
1. Rule 16(f) for scheduling conferences
2. Rule 26(f) for discovery planning
3. Rule 37(e) for ESI preservation
4. Rule 34 for document requests
Answer: B,C
Explanation: Rule 26(f) governs discovery planning, including preservation discussions. Rule 37(e) addresses ESI preservation and sanctions for failure. Rule 16(f) deals with scheduling violations, not preservation. Rule 34 governs document requests, not preservation obligations.
Question: 737
In Reveal, your team is designing search terms for a Canadian environmental litigation case involving 700,000 documents. Which search strategies ensure high recall?
1. Use a Boolean query: "pollution AND (chemical OR waste) NOT (draft OR internal)"
2. Implement a proximity search: "pollution W/10 regulation"
3. Apply a wildcard search: "pollut*" to capture variations like "pollution" or "polluted"
4. Run a regex search: "\b(regulation|compliance)\b.*\bpollution\b"
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation: A Boolean query like "pollution AND (chemical OR waste) NOT (draft OR internal)" targets relevant terms while excluding irrelevant documents, ensuring high recall. A proximity search like "pollution W/10 regulation" captures regulatory discussions, increasing inclusivity. A wildcard search like "pollut*" includes variations, boosting recall. A regex search like "\b(regulation|compliance)\b.*\bpollution\b" targets specific contexts, enhancing coverage.
Question: 738
A PIA for an e-discovery project identifies that ESI includes trade secrets shared with a third-party vendor. Which PIA components ensure compliance with PIPEDA?
1. Assess vendor compliance with SOC 2 Type II standards
2. Document data-sharing agreements
3. Implement homomorphic encryption for trade secrets
4. Evaluate data retention schedules
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation: Assessing SOC 2 Type II compliance ensures the vendor meets security standards. Documenting data-sharing agreements aligns with PIPEDA�s accountability principle. Evaluating retention schedules minimizes privacy risks. Homomorphic encryption is not a standard PIA requirement.
Question: 739
During a litigation hold, a Canadian university must preserve ESI from a learning management system (LMS) like Canvas, including student submissions and metadata like SubmissionID and Timestamp. Which steps ensure compliance?
1. Use the Canvas API to export submissions with metadata in JSON format
2. Instruct instructors to obtain submissions manually
3. Implement a litigation hold by configuring retention policies in Canvas
4. Log the export process, including API calls and hash values, in the chain of custody
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation: Using the Canvas API to export submissions with metadata in JSON format preserves SubmissionID and Timestamp. Configuring retention policies in Canvas implements a litigation hold, preventing data loss. Logging the export process with hash values ensures a defensible chain of custody. Manual downloads by instructors risk metadata loss and are not forensically sound.
Question: 740
During ESI production in a Manitoba case, counsel inadvertently produces privileged communications. What remedies can counsel pursue to mitigate this error?
1. Assert privilege post-production under a clawback agreement
2. Destroy the inadvertently produced documents
3. Request a court order to return or destroy the documents
4. Waive privilege to avoid further disputes
Answer: A,C
Explanation: Under Canadian law, a clawback agreement (often part of a discovery plan) allows counsel to assert privilege after inadvertent production, as per Sedona Canada principles. A court order may also be sought to mandate return or destruction of privileged documents. Destroying documents unilaterally is not permissible, and waiving privilege is unnecessary if remedies exist.
Question: 741
A law firm�s e-discovery platform is targeted by a brute-force attack on user accounts, risking ESI exposure. Which cybersecurity protocols should be implemented to secure the platform?
1. Deploy account lockout after 5 failed login attempts
2. Enable AES-256 encryption for ESI at rest
3. Implement CAPTCHA for login authentication
4. Conduct a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation: Account lockout after failed attempts prevents brute-force success. AES-256 encryption secures ESI at rest. CAPTCHA adds an authentication layer to block automated attacks. A PIA assesses privacy risks but is not a direct cybersecurity protocol for immediate attack mitigation.
Question: 742
In a breach of contract case, a Canadian retailer must preserve ESI from a customer relationship management (CRM) system like HubSpot, including contact records with metadata like ContactID and LastActivityDate. Which steps ensure defensible preservation?
1. Use HubSpot�s API to export records with metadata in CSV format
2. Allow sales staff to export records manually to a shared drive
3. Implement a litigation hold by configuring retention policies in HubSpot
4. Log the export process, including hash values, in the chain of custody
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation: Using HubSpot�s API to export records with metadata in CSV format preserves ContactID and LastActivityDate. Configuring retention policies in HubSpot implements a litigation hold, preventing data loss. Logging the export process with hash values ensures a defensible chain of custody. Manual exports by sales staff risk metadata loss and are not forensically sound.
Question: 743
In a complex commercial litigation case in Ontario, a party requests production of all emails from a key custodian�s cloud-based email account spanning 10 years, including metadata. The opposing party argues the request is overly broad under the Sedona Canada Principles. Which actions align with Principle 2 (Proportionality) to address this request?
1. Conduct a full forensic analysis of the cloud account without filtering
2. Limit the search to a 2-year period relevant to the case�s key events
3. Negotiate a discovery plan specifying keyword searches and custodians
4. Produce all emails without metadata to reduce costs
Answer: B,C
Explanation: Principle 2 of the Sedona Canada Principles emphasizes proportionality, requiring discovery efforts to be reasonable relative to the case�s value, complexity, and importance. Limiting the search to a relevant 2-year period aligns with proportionality by focusing on pertinent evidence. Negotiating a discovery plan with keyword searches and specific custodians ensures a tailored, cost-effective approach. A full forensic analysis without filtering is likely disproportionate due to excessive costs and irrelevance of older data. Producing emails without metadata may compromise evidentiary value, as metadata is often critical in e-discovery.
Question: 744
During a complex litigation, the e-discovery team must collaborate with external counsel using Microsoft Teams. Which security measures should be implemented?
1. Enable conditional access policies in Azure AD
2. Allow anonymous guest access to Teams channels
3. Use sensitivity labels to classify sensitive documents
4. Configure data loss prevention (DLP) policies
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation: Conditional access policies in Azure AD restrict access based on user identity and location, enhancing security. Sensitivity labels classify and protect sensitive documents, aligning with PIPEDA. DLP policies prevent unauthorized sharing of sensitive data. Anonymous guest access increases security risks and is not suitable for sensitive e-discovery collaboration.
Question: 745
Under the Hague Convention, a Canadian court seeks evidence from a French company for a civil case. Which steps are required to issue a valid Letter of Request under the Convention?
1. Include a detailed description of the evidence sought and its relevance to the case
2. Obtain pre-approval from the French Ministry of Justice
3. Translate the request into French as per Article 4 of the Convention
4. Submit the request through the Canadian Central Authority
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation: The Hague Convention (Article 3) requires a Letter of Request to specify the evidence
sought and its relevance. Translation into the language of the requested state (French, in this case) is mandatory under Article 4 unless otherwise agreed. The request must be transmitted through the Central Authority of the requesting state (Canada). Pre-approval from the French Ministry of Justice is not required, though the Central Authority in France processes the request.
Question: 746
In a PMI-based e-discovery project, the project manager must manage a budget overrun due to unexpected data volume (3TB instead of 1TB). Which actions should be taken?
1. Conduct a change control process to revise the budget
2. Negotiate with the vendor to reduce processing fees
3. Proceed without adjusting the budget or scope
4. Update the risk register to reflect data volume risks
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation: A change control process formally revises the budget to account for the increased data volume, ensuring PMI compliance. Negotiating with the vendor to reduce fees mitigates cost overruns while maintaining quality. Updating the risk register documents data volume risks, improving future planning. Proceeding without adjustments risks project failure and non-compliance with proportionality principles.
Question: 747
In a data extraction task for a Vancouver-based regulatory audit, you need to extract data from a PostgreSQL database. Which commands or tools ensure forensically sound extraction?
1. Use pg_dump with --no-owner to export the database with metadata
2. Run TRUNCATE on irrelevant tables before export
3. Use Magnet AXIOM to process the database with hash verification
4. Export tables to CSV using a GUI tool without metadata
Answer: A,C
Explanation: The pg_dump command with --no-owner exports the database with metadata, ensuring forensic soundness. Magnet AXIOM processes databases with hash verification, maintaining integrity. The TRUNCATE command risks spoliation by deleting data. Exporting to CSV without metadata fails to meet e-discovery standards for admissibility.
Question: 748
A Canadian corporation receives a subpoena from a U.S. court requesting ESI, including employee emails and financial records stored on a server in British Columbia. The data includes personal information subject to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA).
Which actions should counsel take to respond appropriately?
1. Challenge the subpoena based on Canadian data protection laws
2. Comply fully with the subpoena without reviewing for privacy compliance
3. Negotiate with the requesting party to narrow the scope of the subpoena
4. Transfer the data to a U.S. server to simplify compliance
Answer: A,C
Explanation: Under PIPEDA, personal information cannot be disclosed without consent or legal authority, and a foreign subpoena does not automatically override Canadian privacy laws. Counsel should challenge the subpoena if it conflicts with PIPEDA and negotiate to narrow its scope to minimize privacy violations while meeting legal obligations. Full compliance without review risks violating Canadian law, and transferring data to a U.S. server does not address privacy obligations and may complicate jurisdiction issues.
Question: 749
A litigation hold is issued for a Canadian company involved in a trade secrets dispute. The company�s ESI includes data stored on an obsolete tape backup system deemed not reasonably accessible due to high restoration costs. Which factors should the e-discovery team consider to justify excluding this ESI from collection?
1. Availability of similar ESI from more accessible sources
2. Estimated cost and time required to restore the tape backups
3. Potential relevance of the data to the litigation
4. The company�s budget constraints for e-discovery
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation: To justify excluding not reasonably accessible ESI, the team must demonstrate that the burden of restoration outweighs the data�s relevance. Assessing the availability of similar ESI from more accessible sources supports proportionality under Canadian e-discovery rules. Estimating restoration costs and time provides evidence of undue burden. Evaluating potential relevance ensures compliance with disclosure obligations, as irrelevant data may be excluded. The company�s budget constraints alone are not a legally valid justification for exclusion.

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I cannot recommend Killexams.com CEDS practice exam and exam questions enough. The questions were spot-on, and the answers were accurate Verified by peers who also passed with ease. Given the high stakes and stress of the exam, this study bundle was my safety net. Thanks to Killexams.com, I passed just as I had hoped, and I now endorse their materials to everyone.
Lee [2025-6-1]


Overall, Killexams.com was a terrific way for me to prepare for the CEDS exam. While not all the questions on the exam were 100% similar to what Killexams.com provided, over 70% of them were equal, and the rest were very similar. Even with Killexams.com, it is still essential to analyze and use your brain, but I managed to pass the exam, so I consider it a great result.
Richard [2025-4-25]

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