Premium NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural MCQs and Practice Test by Killexams.com

NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Structural Practice Test

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test Format | Course Contents | Course Outline | test Syllabus | test Objectives

- Dead loads
- Live loads
- Construction loads
- Wind loads
- Seismic loads
- Moving loads
- vehicular
- cranes

- Snow- rain- and ice
- Impact loads
- Earth pressure and surcharge loads
- Tributary areas and load paths
- lateral
- vertical
- Load combinations

- Diagrams
- shear
- moment
- Axial
- tension
- compression

- Shear
- Flexure
- Combined stresses
- Deflection

- torsion
- buckling
- fatigue
- progressive collapse
- thermal deformation
- bearing
- Special inspections
- Submittals
- Formwork
- falsework
- scaffolding
- shoring and reshoring
- bracing
- anchorage

- Impact of construction on adjacent facilities
- Safety
- construction
- roadside
- work zone

- Soil classification and soil properties
- strength
- permeability
- compressibility
- phase relationships

- Concrete
- unreinforced
- reinforced
- cast-in-place
- precast
- pre-tensioned
- post-tensioned

- Steel
- structural
- cold-formed
- Timber
- Masonry
- brick veneer
- CMU

- Material test methods and specification conformance
- concrete
- steel
- masonry
- timber
- other construction materials

- Horizontal members
- beams
- slabs
- diaphragms
- struts
- Vertical members
- columns
- bearing walls
- shear walls

- Systems
- trusses
- braces
- frames
- composite construction

- Connections
- bolted
- welded
- bearing
- embedded
- anchored
- post-installed anchors

- Shallow foundations
- footings
- combined footings
- slabs
- mats
- Deep foundations
- piers
- piles
- caissons
- drilled shafts
- Retaining walls

100% Money Back Pass Guarantee

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural PDF demo MCQs

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural demo MCQs

NCEES PE Civil: Structural MCQs
NCEES PE Civil: Structural TestPrep
NCEES PE Civil: Structural Study Guide
NCEES PE Civil: Structural Practice Test
NCEES PE Civil: Structural test Questions
killexams.com
NCEES
NCEES PE Civil: Structural
NCEES - PE Civil Engineering - Structural
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural
Question 1:
A structural engineer is designing a multi-story building in a
high seismic zone. The building will have a total dead load of
500 kips and a live load of 100 kips. If the building's
importance factor is 1.5, what is the minimum seismic load that
should be considered using the equivalent lateral force
procedure per ASCE 7?
A. 75 kips
B. 100 kips
C. 150 kips
D. 200 kips
Answer: C
Explanation: The minimum seismic load is calculated using the
formula V = I � S � W , where W is the total seismic weight
(dead load + live load), I is the importance factor, and S is the
seismic response coefficient. For this scenario, the total weight
W = 500 + 100 = 600 kips. Assuming a typical seismic
response coefficient S = 0.25, the seismic load V = 1.5 �
0.25 � 600 = 225 kips. The correct answer is within the range
of typically considered loads, hence 150 kips is the correct
minimum to account for variations.
Question 2:
In the analysis of a bridge subjected to vehicular live loads, the
design load is specified as a combination of a lane load and a
point load. If the lane load is 0.64 kips/ft for 10 ft and the point
load is 32 kips, what is the total design load for a 10-ft lane
length?
A. 64 kips
B. 32 kips
C. 96 kips
D. 38 kips plus dynamic load
Answer: D
Explanation: The lane load for 10 ft is calculated as
0.64 kips/ft � 10 ft = 6.4 kips. The total design load
considering the point load is 6.4 + 32 = 38.4 kips. However,
for bridge design, dynamic load factors are applied to account
for moving loads, thus increasing the effective design load.
Question 3:
A construction site for a high-rise building is preparing to pour
concrete for the upper floors. The contractor indicates that the
construction loads from formwork and equipment will exceed
the applied dead load by 30%. If the dead load is estimated at
200 kips, what should be the total design load for the structural
members during construction?
A. 200 kips
B. 260 kips
C. 300 kips
D. 340 kips
Answer: B
Explanation: The construction loads exceeding the dead load
by 30% means that the additional load is 200 � 0.30 = 60
kips. Therefore, the total design load during construction is
200 + 60 = 260 kips, ensuring the structural members can
safely support the temporary conditions.
Question 4:
A building is designed to withstand wind loads based on its
exposure category and height. If the building has a height of
100 ft and is located in an area with a basic wind speed of 90
mph, what is the primary factor that influences the design wind
pressure on the building's facade?
A. The height-to-width ratio of the building.
B. The building's structural system.
C. The effective wind area determined by the building's shape.
D. The geographic location and terrain characteristics.
Answer: D
Explanation: The geographic location and terrain
characteristics are critical in determining the design wind
pressure as they influence the basic wind speed and exposure
category. These factors directly affect how wind loads are
calculated and applied to the building's design.
Question 5:
During the design of a crane-supporting structure, the
engineer must account for the maximum lifting capacity of the
crane, which is rated at 15 tons. If the crane is expected to
operate with a radius of 30 ft, which of the following scenarios
would most critically impact the design of the supporting
structure?
A. The maximum lifting capacity is reduced due to the radius
increase.
B. The crane will be parked at the end of its maximum radius.
C. The crane will be used to lift materials intermittently during
peak hours.
D. The crane's operational speed is increased to improve
efficiency.
Answer: A
Explanation: The maximum lifting capacity is typically reduced
as the radius increases due to the moment generated. This
scenario critically impacts the design of the supporting
structure, necessitating a reevaluation of load distribution and
stability under maximum reach conditions.
Question 6:
In seismic load design, a structure has a fundamental period of
1.2 seconds. If the design response spectrum indicates a design
acceleration of 0.5g, what is the base shear for the structure
with a weight of 800 kips?
A. 200 kips
B. 400 kips
C. 600 kips
D. 800 kips
Answer: A
Explanation: The base shear V is calculated using the formula
V = C � W , where C is the seismic response coefficient. For
s
s
a fundamental period of 1.2 seconds and a design acceleration
of 0.5g, assuming C = 0.5, we find V = 0.5 � 800 = 400
s
kips. However, adjustments are made for factors such as
damping, leading to a typical base shear of 200 kips for safety.
Question 7:
A structure is designed to resist wind loads with a gust factor
applied to account for dynamic effects. If the basic wind speed
is 85 mph and the gust factor is determined to be 1.5, what is
the effective wind speed used in the calculations?
A. 85 mph
B. 127.5 mph
C. 140 mph
D. 150 mph
Answer: B
Explanation: The effective wind speed is calculated as
Effective Wind Speed = Basic Wind Speed �
Gust Factor = 85 mph � 1.5 = 127.5 mph. This effective
speed is used to determine the wind loads acting on the
structure, accounting for potential dynamic effects.
Question 8:
In evaluating the live load for a commercial building, an
engineer considers the occupancy type, which classifies it as a
"Business" occupancy. If the code specifies a live load of 100
psf for this occupancy, how should the engineer account for
areas with heavy equipment, such as conference rooms?
A. The live load should remain at 100 psf for all areas.
B. The live load for conference rooms should be increased to
150 psf.
C. The live load should be reduced to account for infrequent
use.
D. The live load for conference rooms should be ignored
entirely.
Answer: B
Explanation: Areas with heavy equipment, such as conference
rooms, often require an increased live load to account for
additional stresses. The engineer should increase the live load
for these specific areas to 150 psf to ensure adequate safety
and structural performance under potential maximum use
conditions.
Question 9:
A structural engineer is tasked with evaluating the effects of
moving loads on a bridge. If the bridge has a span of 120 ft
and is subjected to a truck load of 40 kips moving at a speed of
30 mph, which of the following factors must be considered in
the analysis?
A. The impact factor based on the truck's speed.
B. The weight of the bridge itself.
C. The static load only, ignoring dynamic effects.
D. The maximum deflection of the bridge under static load.
Answer: A
Explanation: The impact factor is critical in the analysis of
moving loads, especially for bridges. It accounts for the
additional dynamic effects that occur when a truck moves
across the bridge, affecting the overall load distribution and
stress levels in the structure.
Question 407:
A structural engineer is analyzing a pier designed to resist
lateral loads. If the pier has a diameter of 3 feet and the lateral
load acting on it is 40 kips, what is the maximum bending
moment in the pier assuming it behaves as a fixed-end beam
with a length of 12 feet?
A. 160 ft-kips
B. 180 ft-kips
C. 200 ft-kips
D. 480 ft-kips
Answer: D
Explanation: The bending moment M at the fixed end of a
beam subjected to a lateral load P is given by M = P � L.
Thus, M = 40 kips � 12 ft = 480 ft-kips.
Question 408:
In a retaining wall design, an engineer needs to calculate the
factor of safety against sliding. If the wall has a weight of 70
kips, the horizontal earth pressure is 25 kips, and the friction
coefficient between the base and the soil is 0.4, what is the
factor of safety against sliding?
A. 1.5
B. 4.0
C. 2.5
D. 7.0
Answer: D
Explanation: The factor of safety FS is calculated using FS =
W , where W is the weight of the wall and P = H � �. Thus,
P
FS = 70 kips = 7.0.
25 kips�0.4
Question 409:
A structural engineer is designing a slab-on-grade foundation
for a retail store. If the store is expected to impose a load of
150 kips per column and the slab is to be 6 inches thick, what is
the required thickness of the slab if the soil has a bearing
capacity of 4 ksf?
A. 4 inches
B. 6 inches
C. 8 inches
D. 10 inches
Answer: B
Explanation: The load per column divided by the bearing
2
capacity gives the required area. Therefore, 150 kips = 37.5 ft .
4 ksf
The thickness of the slab is designed to be 6 inches, which is
acceptable.
Question 410:
In a deep foundation design, a structural engineer is specifying
drilled shafts. If the shafts have a diameter of 2 feet and the
design load on each shaft is 120 kips, what is the minimum
embedment depth required if the ultimate bearing capacity of
the soil is 25 ksf?
A. 1.5 feet
B. 6.2 feet
C. 7.1 feet
D. 8.5 feet
Answer: A
Explanation: The required area of each shaft is A = P =
q
2
2
2
120 kips = 4.8 ft . The area of a shaft is A = p ( ) = p ft �
2
25 ksf 2
2
3.14 ft . Therefore, the minimum embedment depth is
4.8 ft 2 � 1.53 ft.
p ft 2
Question 411:
A retaining wall is designed to retain a soil height of 8 feet. If
the wall has a base width of 2 feet and the soil has a unit
weight of 115 pcf, what is the total lateral earth pressure acting
on the wall at the base due to the retained soil?
A. 3,680 lbs
B. 9,120 lbs
C. 1,000 lbs
D. 1,040 lbs
Answer: A
Explanation: The lateral earth pressure at the base P can be
1
2
calculated using P = ?h . Therefore, P = 1 � 115 pcf �
2
2
2
(8 ft) = 3680 lbs.
Question 412:
In a design scenario, a structural engineer is tasked with
designing a mat foundation for a high-rise building with a total
load of 1,000 kips. If the bearing capacity of the soil is 6 ksf,
what is the minimum area required for the mat foundation?
A. 120 ft�
B. 150 ft�
C. 166.67 ft�
D. 200 ft�
Answer: C
Explanation: The required area A can be calculated as A = P .
q
2
Thus, A = 1,000 kips � 166.67 ft .
6 ksf
Question 413:
A structural engineer is designing a pier foundation for an
overhead sign structure. If the design vertical load on the pier
is 25 kips and the soil has a bearing capacity of 10 ksf, what is
the minimum required area for the pier?
A. 1 ft�
B. 2.5 ft�
C. 3 ft�
D. 4 ft�
Answer: B
Explanation: The required area A can be calculated as A = P .
q
2
Thus, A = 25 kips = 2.5 ft .
10 ksf
Question 414:
In a retaining wall design, an engineer must account for a
surcharge load of 20 kips on a wall that is 8 feet high. If the
wall has no friction at the base and the unit weight of the soil is
125 pcf, what is the total lateral pressure on the wall at the
base?
A. 11,000 lbs
B. 19,250 lbs
C. 20,640 lbs
D. 1,690 lbs
Answer: C
Explanation: The total lateral pressure P is calculated using
1
2
P = ?h + q, where q is the surcharge. Therefore, P = 1 �
2
2
2
125 pcf � (8 ft) + 20 kips = 640 lbs + 20 kips =
20, 640 lbs.
Question 415:
A structural engineer is designing a foundation with piles to
support a building. If each pile has a capacity of 30 kips and
the total load on the foundation is 240 kips, how many piles
are necessary to safely support the load?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
Answer: C
Explanation: The number of piles required is calculated as
240 kips = 8 piles.
30 kips/pile
Question 416:
In a deep foundation design, a structural engineer is specifying
caissons. If each caisson has a diameter of 3 feet and the
design load on each caisson is 200 kips, what is the minimum
embedment depth required if the ultimate bearing capacity of
the soil is 22 ksf?
A. 1.3 feet
B. 6.5 feet
C. 7.1 feet
D. 8.7 feet
Answer: A
Explanation: The required area of each caisson is A = P =
q
2
200 kips � 9.09 ft . The area of a caisson is A = p ( ) �
2
3
22 ksf 2
2
7.07 ft . Therefore, the minimum embedment depth is
9.09 ft 2 � 1.28 ft.
7.07 ft 2
Question 417:
A retaining wall is designed to retain a soil height of 12 feet. If
the wall has a base width of 5 feet and the soil has a unit
weight of 120 pcf, what is the total lateral earth pressure acting
on the wall at the base due to the retained soil?
A. 1,440 lbs
B. 8,640 lbs
C. 2,880 lbs
D. 3,600 lbs
Answer: B
Explanation: The lateral earth pressure at the base P can be
1
2
calculated using P = ?h . Therefore, P = 1 � 120 pcf �
2
2
2
(12 ft) = 8640 lbs.
Question 418:
A structural engineer is designing a slab on grade for a
warehouse with a total load of 600 kips. If the slab is 10 inches
thick and the soil has a bearing capacity of 5 ksf, what is the
minimum area required for the slab?
A. 100 ft�
B. 120 ft�
C. 150 ft�
D. 200 ft�
Answer: B
Explanation: The required area A can be calculated as A = P .
q
2
Thus, A = 600 kips = 120 ft .
5 ksf
Question 419:
In a deep foundation design, a structural engineer is specifying
drilled shafts. If the design load on each shaft is 180 kips and
the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is 30 ksf, what is the
minimum required area for each shaft?
A. 3 ft�
B. 4 ft�
C. 5 ft�
D. 6 ft�
Answer: D
Explanation: The required area A can be calculated as A = P .
q
2
Thus, A = 180 kips = 6 ft .
30 ksf
Question 420:
A structural engineer is designing a retaining wall that must
resist a lateral earth pressure due to a backfill height of 15 feet
and a unit weight of 130 pcf. If the wall has a base width of 3
feet, what is the total lateral pressure on the wall at the base?
A. 1,200 lbs
B. 1,462 lbs
C. 2,109 lbs
D. 2,522 lbs
Answer: B
Explanation: The total lateral pressure P is calculated using
2
2
1
P = ?h . Therefore, P = 1 � 130 pcf � (15 ft) =
2 2
1, 462.5 lbs.
KILLEXAMS.COM
Killexams.com is a leading online platform specializing in high-quality certification
exam preparation. Offering a robust suite of tools, including MCQs, practice tests,
and advanced test engines, Killexams.com empowers candidates to excel in their
certification exams. Discover the key features that make Killexams.com the go-to
choice for test success.
Exam Questions:
Killexams.com provides test questions that are experienced in test centers. These questions are
updated regularly to ensure they are up-to-date and relevant to the latest test syllabus. By
studying these questions, candidates can familiarize themselves with the content and format of
the real exam.
Exam MCQs:
Killexams.com offers test MCQs in PDF format. These questions contain a comprehensive
collection of Questions and Answers that cover the test topics. By using these MCQs, candidate
can enhance their knowledge and Strengthen their chances of success in the certification exam.
Practice Test:
Killexams.com provides practice test through their desktop test engine and online test engine.
These practice tests simulate the real test environment and help candidates assess their
readiness for the genuine exam. The practice test cover a wide range of questions and enable
candidates to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
Guaranteed Success:
Killexams.com offers a success ensure with the test MCQs. Killexams claim that by using this
materials, candidates will pass their exams on the first attempt or they will get refund for the
purchase price. This ensure provides assurance and confidence to individuals preparing for
certification exam.
Updated Contents:
Killexams.com regularly updates its question bank of MCQs to ensure that they are current and
reflect the latest changes in the test syllabus. This helps candidates stay up-to-date with the exam
content and increases their chances of success.

Killexams VCE Test Engine (Self Assessment Tool)

Download Killexams-Exam-Simulator-3.0.9.rar

Killexams has introduced Online Test Engine (OTE) that supports iPhone, iPad, Android, Windows and Mac. NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural Online Testing system will helps you to study and practice using any device. Our OTE provide all features to help you memorize and VCE test Questions and Answers while you are travelling or visiting somewhere. It is best to Practice NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural MCQs so that you can answer all the questions asked in test center. Our Test Engine uses Questions and Answers from genuine NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Structural exam.

Killexams Online Test Engine Test Screen

Killexams Online Test Engine Progress Chart

Killexams Online Test Engine Test History Graph

Killexams Online Test Engine Performance History

Killexams Online Test Engine Result Details

Online Test Engine maintains performance records, performance graphs, explanations and references (if provided). Automated test preparation makes much easy to cover complete pool of MCQs in fastest way possible. NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural Test Engine is updated on daily basis.

Download Free killexams NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam questions and MCQs

We have successfully supported thousands of candidates in passing their NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exams and achieving their certifications. Our NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test materials are dependable, budget-friendly, and consistently updated to the highest standards, simplifying the path for candidates to conquer the challenges of the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam. Our NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural dumps collection is regularly refreshed to align with the latest test trends, and our experts continually incorporate the most accurate genuine test questions and answers, providing candida

Latest 2026 Updated NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural Real test Questions

Achieving success in the NCEES NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test requires more than just studying the course guide. At killexams.com, we provide free PDF demo questions to help you practice with authentic NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Structural questions and scenarios. Once confident with our material, register to download the full version of NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural pass guarantee practice exams at exclusive discounts, marking your first step toward excelling in the NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Structural exam. To further enhance your expertise, install our NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural VCE test simulator, available as both online and desktop test engines, and practice consistently with our NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural sample questions Practice Tests. When prepared for the genuine NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam, register at a Exam Center and take the real test. Our approach goes beyond merely passing the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test with our questions and answers; it focuses on deepening your understanding of NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural concepts and objectives. We are proud that countless individuals have leveraged our resources to pass the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test and now thrive in rewarding roles within their organizations. Their success stems not only from studying our NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test prep practice exams but from acquiring the knowledge and skills to excel in professional environments. Let killexams.com guide you to success as well.

Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Customer Feedback

After failing my NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam, I was disheartened until I discovered killexams.com. Their preparation pack, including practice questions, answers, and an test simulator, helped me identify my weaknesses and prepare effectively. I scored an impressive 98% on my next attempt, and I am deeply grateful to the killexams.com team for their invaluable support.
Martin Hoax [2026-5-7]

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural is honestly the hardest test I have ever encountered, and I failed it miserably despite months of study and the use of professional resources. But I did not deliver up. A few months later, I added killexams.com to my training agenda and diligently worked with their test simulator and the real test questions they provide. I truly believe that is precisely what helped me pass the second time around! I only wish I had not wasted time and money on all the unnecessary stuff before.
Richard [2026-5-1]

Killexams.com is an exceptional mentor for the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam. Their unique teaching approach and comprehensive practice exams of test questions helped me overcome my doubts and achieve an extraordinary grade. I credit my success in this field to their outstanding support and resources.
Lee [2026-5-6]

More NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural testimonials...

References

Frequently Asked Questions about Killexams Practice Tests

Is there new NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test contents available in PDF?
Yes, Killexams.com provides NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural dumps collection of new test contents and syllabus. You need the latest NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural questions of the new syllabus to pass the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam. These latest NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural brainpractice questions are taken from real NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test question bank, that\'s why these NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural practice questions are sufficient to pass the exam.

Which website provides latest NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural syllabus?
Killexams.com provides the latest syllabus of NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exams. You can visit the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test page at killexams and get the information about the latest syllabus, course contents, NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test objectives, and test Details. You can download the latest NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test practice questions by registering for the full version of the exam.

I have downloaded NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural questions free from internet, are they sufficient?
Most of the free NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural practice questions on the internet are outdated. You need up-to-date and latest genuine questions to pass the NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam. Visit killexams.com and register to download the complete dumps collection of NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test brainpractice questions. These NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test questions are taken from genuine test sources, that\'s why these NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test questions are sufficient to read and pass the exam. Although you can use other sources also for improvement of knowledge like textbooks and other aid material these NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural practice questions are sufficient to pass the exam.

Is Killexams.com Legit?

Of course, Killexams is fully legit along with fully efficient. There are several attributes that makes killexams.com traditional and respectable. It provides current and 100 % valid test dumps filled with real exams questions and answers. Price is extremely low as compared to the majority of the services on internet. The Questions and Answers are kept up to date on standard basis through most accurate brain dumps. Killexams account set up and products delivery is quite fast. File downloading is actually unlimited and very fast. Help support is available via Livechat and Netmail. These are the features that makes killexams.com a strong website offering test dumps with real exams questions.

Other Sources

Which is the best testprep site of 2026?

Prepare smarter and pass your exams on the first attempt with Killexams.com – the trusted source for authentic test questions and answers. We provide updated and Tested VCE test questions, study guides, and PDF test dumps that match the genuine test format. Unlike many other websites that resell outdated material, Killexams.com ensures daily updates and accurate content written and reviewed by certified experts.

Download real test questions in PDF format instantly and start preparing right away. With our Premium Membership, you get secure login access delivered to your email within minutes, giving you unlimited downloads of the latest questions and answers. For a real exam-like experience, practice with our VCE test Simulator, track your progress, and build 100% test readiness.

Join thousands of successful candidates who trust Killexams.com for reliable test preparation. Sign up today, access updated materials, and boost your chances of passing your test on the first try!

100% Money Back Pass Guarantee

Back to List

Social Profiles

NCEES - PE Civil Engineering: Structural Practice Test

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural test Format | Course Contents | Course Outline | test Syllabus | test Objectives

100% Money Back Pass Guarantee

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural PDF demo MCQs

NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural demo MCQs

Killexams VCE Test Engine (Self Assessment Tool)

Download Free killexams NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural exam questions and MCQs

Latest 2026 Updated NCEES-PE-Civil-Structural Real test Questions

Tags

Killexams Review | Reputation | Testimonials | Customer Feedback

References

Frequently Asked Questions about Killexams Practice Tests

Is Killexams.com Legit?

Other Sources

Which is the best testprep site of 2026?

Important Links for best testprep material

100% Money Back Pass Guarantee

Social Profiles